The Effect of Additional Police Force on Crime Rate: Evidence from Women’s Japan Basketball League
نویسندگان
چکیده
【Abstract】This paper analyzes influence of an additional referee on number of fouls by using the data from Women’s Japan Basketball League (WJBL) in order to examine whether number of police officers affects the crime rate. For the season of 2010-2011, the upper league of the WJBL introduced 3 referees system for the adaption of the international standard. Using this natural experiment, the Difference in Difference and the Instrumental Variable method are used to remove endogeneity. The results indicate that increased number of referees decrease number of fouls after considering both reverse causality and unobservable heterogeneity. 【Key Words】Police, Crime, Basketball 【JEL Classification Codes】D0, K0
منابع مشابه
The Effect of Emotional Capital on Job Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction: A Research on Basketball Players in Women’s Super League in Turkey
Background. Emotional competencies of individuals are evaluated as a form of capital today. Emotional capital has gained prominence in literature in the last decades. In this regard, qualitative and quantitative studies on emotional capital concept have been conducted. Objectives. The purpose of this study is to analyses the effect of emotional capital on job satisfaction and life satisfaction...
متن کاملThe Short- and Long-Run Effects of Private Law Enforcement: Evidence from University Police
Over a million people in the United States are employed in private security and law enforcement, yet very little is known about the effects of private police on crime. The current study examines the relationship between a privately funded university police force and crime in a large US city. Following an expansion of the jurisdictional boundary of the private police force, we see no short-term ...
متن کاملDo pre-performance routines have a role in free throws accuracy of basketball players?
A significant portion of research exploring pre-performance routines in sport has focused on the behavioral and temporal characteristics of the routines. This study aimed to investigate the role of behavioral and temporal consistency in those pre-performance routines. The duration and dominant behavioral patterns exhibited before each free throw (N = 1025) were observed during a total of 60 Ira...
متن کاملThe Effect of Perceived Coaches’ Leadership Behavior on Motivational Climate and Athlete Satisfaction of Women Taking Part in Basketball Super League of Iran
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of perceived coach leadership behavior on motivational climate and athlete satisfaction of women taking part in basketball super league of Iran. Statistical population of this study was included from all super leagues’ female basketball players. Sample society was equal to all 174 athletes of statistical society and the method of research was des...
متن کاملThe Relationship Between Crime Reporting and Police : Implications for the Use of Uniform Crime Reports
Empirical studies that use reported crime data to evaluate policies for reducing crime will understate the true effectiveness of these policies if crime reporting/ recording behavior is also affected by the policies. For instance, when the size of the police force increases, changes in the perceived likelihood that a crime will be solved may lead a higher fraction of victimizations to be report...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2012